The Essence of Good Citizenship

“FI0008547,” Cedar Falls, IA, 1904 by Palczewski, Catherine/Fortepan IA
“FI0018044,” UNI in CF, 1940 by UNI Special Collections & University Archives/Fortepan IA
“FI0017918,” UNI in CF, 1930 by UNI Special Collections & University Archives/Fortepan IA,

A History of General Education at the University of Northern Iowa: from Normal School to University

Since its founding in 1876, the University of Northern Iowa has asked an important question: what should every student learn to prepare for active and effective citizenship in a democratic society?  Long before the term “general education” became common, UNI students shared courses and requirements designed to prepare them not only for work, but for citizenship, personal well-being and participation in public life.
This project traces the history of general education at UNI from its beginnings as Iowa State Normal School to the present, exploring how ideas about common learning have changed over time. Through a series of digital exhibits on Fortepan Iowa, it connects campus history to larger national conversations about democracy, citizenship, higher education and the purpose of college itself.
 
“FI0021782,” UNI in CF, 1911 by UNI Special Collections & University Archives/Fortepan IA
“FI0022460,” UNI in CF, 1896 by UNI Special Collections & University Archives/Fortepan IA
“FI0021165,” UNI in CF, 1908 by University of Northern Iowa Museum/Fortepan IA

A Common Education for Citizenship and Health, 1892-1916

Part 1: The Origins of General Education at UNI

This exhibit explores the origins of general education at the Iowa State Normal School (now the University of Northern Iowa) from 1892 to 1917. Even within a highly structured teacher-training curriculum, the school introduced shared requirements like military drill and later physical education for all students. These changes reflected broader national concerns about health, citizenship, and gender roles, with physical education seen as a way to build both personal well-being and the civic values needed for participation in a democratic society.

“FI0022464,” UNI in CF, 1910 by UNI Special Collections & University Archives/Fortepan IA
“FI0022452,” UNI in CF, 1918 by UNI Special Collections & University Archives/Fortepan IA
“FI0029754,” , 1918 by UNI Special Collections & University Archives/Fortepan IA

From World War I Through the 1930s

Part 2: The Origins of General Education at UNI, continued

From World War I through the 1930s, the roots of general education at UNI were shaped by national crisis and changing ideas about citizenship. Wartime programs like the Student Army Training Corps and “War Aims” courses reflected a growing belief that colleges should prepare students not just academically, but for informed democratic participation. In the decades that followed, concerns about specialization, global instability, and the rise of fascism led to new required courses in science, current events, health, and social behavior — marking a shift toward a broader, more intentional general education curriculum designed to equip students for life as engaged citizens.

“FI0021795,” UNI in CF, 1943 by UNI Special Collections & University Archives/Fortepan IA
“FI0015489,” UNI in CF, 1950 by UNI Special Collections & University Archives/Fortepan IA
“FI0021565,” UNI in CF, 1955 by UNI Special Collections & University Archives/Fortepan IA

The Heyday of General Education: 1940s-1960s

Part 3: The First Comprehensive General Education Program at ISTC

From the 1940s through the 1960s, general education at UNI reached its most expansive and influential form, shaped by World War II, the Cold War and rapid changes in higher education. Driven by concerns that democracy depended on an informed and engaged citizenry, faculty developed the institution’s first comprehensive general education program in 1951 — a highly structured curriculum shared by all students. Over time, global tensions and technological change prompted revisions that added new emphases on science, psychology and non-Western cultures, reflecting a growing recognition that understanding an increasingly interconnected world was essential to both national security and democratic life.